The “Philosophy in Popular Culture” series returns after a hiatus of about five months. I’ve been busy for a while, but the big reason for the delay was “Battlestar Galactica and Philosophy”. I’ve skipped a number of essays in it because the book focuses on a lot of postmodern and existentialist philosophizing that I’m not familiar with and not interested in, and also a lot of them tend to be aimed at advancing a particular point rather than tying it interestingly into the source material. The latest essay there was a prime example of that, doing a rather convoluted examination of colonization and tying it into race relations in odd ways. Still, potentially there was a lot to say about that since I thought a lot of it was wrong, but at first it was delayed because I did want to say quite a lot about it, and then later it was delayed because as time went on I became less and less interested in discussing any of those issues, until finally I decided to just not bother and move on.
So, that brings me back to “Vampires, Zombies and Philosophy”, and the next essay in that work is the rather lengthly titled “When There’s No More Room in Hell, the Dead Will Shop the Earth: Romero and Aristotle on Zombies, Happiness and Consumption” by Matthew Walker. The main thesis here is comparing George A. Romero’s commentary on capitalism in “Dawn of the Dead” to Aristotle’s consideration and ultimate rejection of the idea that that which will make people is simple material gain. Now, of course, there’s still a lot of room between the two here because Aristotle didn’t reject consumption or material things even to the extent of the Stoics (who, especially among the Roman Stoics, treat those things as things that you can take or leave) but simply felt that they couldn’t bring true satisfaction even as their lack will stop someone from achieving true satisfaction with their lives. That’s the closest parallel between the two, as Walker points out that in Romero’s work the survivors enter a mall and indulge in rampant consumerism that eventually leads them to become bored with all of it. However, the comparison to zombies doesn’t quite work for Aristotle, since he wouldn’t consider those who choose to pursue material gains as being mindless. Which can lead to an interesting new comparison for the zombies themselves.
For any virtue theory that doesn’t make the pursuit of material goods the highest virtue, the error that people make in pursuing them as opposed to what is really a virtue is often in deciding that things that only have instrumental value actually have intrinsic value, meaning that they consider them to have value in and of themselves rather than only having value for how they help in getting something that actually has intrinsic value. This is how Aristotle views material goods: you need to have them to achieve the virtues, but that’s the only real value they have. The Stoics reject that based on their idea that a big part of virtue is making do with what you can achieve, and so even if you lack them you should be able to modify your mindset to maintain your focus on the virtues. So the main point here is that people go wrong wrt material goods when they start to value them for their own sake rather than for that they can use them to get.
The zombies can be seen as falling way too deeply into that trap. They have made feeding or consuming their highest virtue, and subsume everything else under that virtue. As such, they’ve forgotten that feeding is supposed to achieve a purpose, and arguably have forgotten that actions are supposed to achieve a purpose. Walker points out that they keep falling for the distractions of tapping on windows, and at first this seems like an example of their mindlessness. However, while animals can be conditioned out of those sorts of responses, it seems that the zombies can’t. They’ve associated the sounds with food, and if they don’t get food following it animals would eventually stop responding to the stimulus. If the zombies don’t, then this might suggest an alternative explanation: they’ve associated the sound with feeding and keep pursuing because they know that it might, in fact, lead to feeding, and that’s their highest goal. No matter how often that fails them, as long as there’s a chance it will lead them to food they will follow it as long as it’s the stimulus that has the highest probability of getting them food. Why? Because they literally have nothing better to do! Humans will get bored or decide to try something else, but as long as it has a chance of leading them to food and is the most promising of the various stimuli the zombies will pursue it anyway.
This only gets worse when valuing one’s own life is subordinated to this instrumental value. We can indeed subordinate our lives to that which has real intrinsic value — the Stoics strongly advocate for that — but here surely the thing that has the most instrumental value is always going to have to be one’s life. But the zombies, arguably, don’t even do that, staggering on against people armed and killing those around them without thinking to preserve their own lives. Their own lives don’t matter when placed against the desire to feed, and so they feel no fear of actual death — as opposed to the undeath they currently have — and so have no survival instinct. Arguably, Walker’s example of Stephen is an example of this as well, as he is willing to fight and die over the things that they’ve obtained but that don’t even really satisfy them anymore. We can risk our lives for material gain based on a reasonable cost/benefit analysis, but when we consider material gain to have more value than it should we end up giving up our lives for a material gain that we can’t enjoy and wouldn’t have been worth it if we had succeeded.
So it all comes down to value, and valuing things to the appropriate degree. Zombies — and overly consumerist humans — value material things too much. And that is what leads to their downfall.
Some Fridge Brilliance in “Remington Steele”
September 27, 2019So, I’ve just finished watching the first season of “Remington Steele”, and while I’m disappointed in it in one episode — “Steele Trapped” — they do the thing that I thought they should do, as Steele and Laura go to a deserted island after a prospective client commits suicide after receiving an invitation there, posing as the doctor and his nurse. Of course, people start dying. Of course, Steele notes that this is very similar to the movie “And Then There Were None”, based on the Agatha Christie novel. What’s interesting — other than the fact that this allows them to use the movie as a real reference — is just how much of the movie itself was referenced.
1) While not using a nursery rhyme, the killer tries to kill the victims in an ironic way, but seems willing to forgo that if required … which the show lampshades with the lawyer being killed by a blow to the head and Steele commenting that that wasn’t very ironic.
2) From reading on TV Tropes, Hollywood versions and the play version often have Lombard replaced by an impostor after Lombard commits suicide. Steele is doing the same thing. And at the time Steele was believed to be a mostly mercenary con artist and thief, so it even fits there.
3) The same sources often have Vera be innocent of her crime and romantically interested in Lombard or his replacement. Laura fits that role as she was innocent of the crime and there’s a lot of sexual tension between her and Steele (who actually jumped at the chance to go there in an attempt to romance her).
4) The grudge the murderer has against the doctor was that he botched their plastic surgery. In the source material, the doctor character’s crime was botching an operation while drunk.
5) The sixth person killed was faking their death and was the actual killer in both cases.
6) Steele and Laura attempt the “fake their own death to be able to investigate unnoticed” ploy that Wargrave and Armstrong, the doctor, attempted. Laura points out the flaw in that the killer will know that they didn’t kill the person, and so Steele arranges for an accident that looks like a murder, so that the innocent will think it was something the killer arranged while the killer will think that it was a fortunate — or unfortunate — accident.
7) They explain how the murderer was able to fake their death so convincingly, using digitalis to slow their heart rate. Steele not being a doctor — and so there not being one — would make it easier for them to get away with it, and the killer did know that Steele was an impostor, although the killer made up a story to explain not calling him out on it immediately (the claim was that he was a last minute replacement for the real doctor).
8) They maintain a dark and spooky atmosphere the same way the other sources did: the generator is out so they need to use candles.
And there are probably others that I can’t recall at the moment. While I’ve been disappointed with the show so far, they put a lot of effort into this one and really did utilize the premise to its fullest.
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